Collagenous colitis
A type of inflammatory bowel disease
Collagenous colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. It is a type of microscopic colitis, which means that the inflammation is not visible during a colonoscopy and can only be seen under a microscope.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Collagenous colitis is distinguished by the presence of a thickened layer of collagen beneath the epithelium of the colon. This collagen layer is typically more than 10 micrometers thick. The exact cause of collagenous colitis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of collagenous colitis is chronic, non-bloody watery diarrhea. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. Some patients may also experience fatigue and dehydration due to the persistent diarrhea.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of collagenous colitis is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and colonoscopy with biopsy. During a colonoscopy, the colon may appear normal, but a biopsy will reveal the characteristic thickened collagen layer. Histopathology is essential for confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for collagenous colitis often begins with lifestyle and dietary changes, such as avoiding caffeine and lactose. Medications may include antidiarrheal agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppressive therapies. In some cases, budesonide, a corticosteroid, is used to reduce inflammation.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for collagenous colitis is generally good, with many patients responding well to treatment. However, the condition can be chronic and may require long-term management. Relapses are common, and ongoing monitoring by a healthcare provider is often necessary.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Collagenous colitis is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. The exact prevalence is not well established, but it is considered a rare condition.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
