Microscopic colitis

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Microscopic colitis
Collagenous colitis under a microscope
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Complications	Dehydration, malnutrition
Onset	Typically in adults over 50
Duration	Can be chronic or intermittent
Types	Collagenous colitis, Lymphocytic colitis
Causes	Unknown, possibly autoimmune or medication-induced
Risks	Smoking, use of NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors
Diagnosis	Colonoscopy with biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Irritable bowel syndrome, Celiac disease, Infectious colitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Dietary changes, medications such as budesonide
Medication	Budesonide, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Estimated 10-20 per 100,000 people per year
Deaths	Rare

Microscopic colitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the colon that is only visible when the colon's tissue is examined under a microscope. The term "microscopic colitis" encompasses two similar conditions, Lymphocytic colitis and Collagenous colitis, which share the same symptoms but have different microscopic features.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of microscopic colitis is chronic, non-bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and nausea. The symptoms can be intermittent, and some patients may be symptom-free for weeks or months at a time.

Causes

The exact cause of microscopic colitis is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response to the bacteria that normally live in the colon. Other potential triggers include the use of certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the presence of other autoimmune disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of microscopic colitis is typically made through a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, during which a small sample of tissue is taken from the colon for microscopic examination. The presence of increased numbers of lymphocytes and/or a thickened layer of collagen in the colon tissue can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for microscopic colitis typically involves medication to control the inflammation and diarrhea. In some cases, changes to the diet may also be recommended. If these treatments are not effective, surgery may be considered as a last resort.

Epidemiology

Microscopic colitis is most common in older adults, particularly women, and the incidence appears to be increasing. However, it can occur at any age and in both sexes.

See also

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Gastroenterology
• Histopathology