Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa
Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is a rare form of vasculitis that primarily affects the small to medium-sized arteries in the skin. Unlike systemic polyarteritis nodosa, CPAN is limited to the skin and does not involve internal organs. This condition is characterized by painful nodules, livedo reticularis, and ulcerations on the skin.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
CPAN is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, specifically affecting the muscular arteries in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The inflammation leads to necrosis of the vessel wall, which can result in ischemia and tissue damage. The exact cause of CPAN is unknown, but it is believed to be an immune-mediated process.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with CPAN typically present with:
- Painful nodules: These are firm, erythematous nodules that are often tender to touch.
- Livedo reticularis: A mottled, purplish discoloration of the skin that resembles a net-like pattern.
- Ulcerations: These can occur due to ischemia and necrosis of the skin tissue.
The lesions are most commonly found on the lower extremities but can also appear on the arms and trunk.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of CPAN is primarily clinical, supported by histopathological examination of a skin biopsy. The biopsy typically shows necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium-sized arteries in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Laboratory tests may be conducted to rule out systemic involvement and other forms of vasculitis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of CPAN focuses on reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. Common therapeutic approaches include:
- Corticosteroids: These are often the first line of treatment to reduce inflammation.
- Immunosuppressive agents: Such as methotrexate or azathioprine, may be used in more severe cases.
- Pain management: Analgesics may be prescribed to manage pain associated with the nodules and ulcerations.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for CPAN is generally good, as it is a chronic but non-life-threatening condition. With appropriate treatment, most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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