Disorder of written expression

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Disorder of Written Expression is a type of learning disability characterized by significant impairment in written language skills. This disorder affects an individual's ability to write coherently, spell correctly, and organize written text logically. It is not due to a lack of understanding of language or to intellectual impairments but is a specific dysfunction in the ability to express thoughts in written form.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of Disorder of Written Expression can vary widely among individuals but commonly include difficulties with spelling, grammar, punctuation, and handwriting. Individuals may also struggle with organizing their thoughts on paper, maintaining consistent tense, and developing arguments or narratives in writing. These challenges are often inconsistent with the person's oral language skills or intellectual abilities.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes cognitive and educational assessments. These assessments help to rule out other causes of writing difficulties, such as intellectual disability, vision problems, or lack of instruction. The diagnosis is made based on the individual's performance being substantially below what is expected for their age, schooling, and level of intelligence.

Causes

The exact causes of Disorder of Written Expression are not fully understood, but research suggests that it is likely due to a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. There is evidence to suggest that it may run in families, indicating a possible genetic component. Neurological studies have shown differences in brain activity and structure in individuals with learning disabilities, including those affecting written expression.

Treatment

While there is no cure for Disorder of Written Expression, early intervention and tailored educational strategies can significantly improve writing skills. Treatment often involves educational interventions that focus on teaching writing strategies, spelling rules, and grammar. Occupational therapy may be recommended to improve handwriting. Assistive technology, such as word processors with spell check and speech-to-text software, can also be beneficial.

Impact

The impact of Disorder of Written Expression can extend beyond academic challenges. It can affect self-esteem, social interactions, and later vocational opportunities. Individuals with this disorder may avoid situations requiring written communication, which can limit their participation in certain educational and career paths.

See Also

• Dyslexia
• Learning Disabilities
• Special Education