Drug-induced interstitial nephritis

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis is a form of nephritis that is caused by the adverse effects of certain medications. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the spaces between the renal tubules in the kidney.

Causes

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis is primarily caused by certain medications. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics such as penicillin and rifampin, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Symptoms

The symptoms of drug-induced interstitial nephritis can vary, but often include decreased urine output, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. In some cases, the condition can lead to acute kidney injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial nephritis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The urinalysis may show white blood cells (leukocytes) or red blood cells (erythrocytes), which are indicative of inflammation in the kidneys. A kidney biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The primary treatment for drug-induced interstitial nephritis is discontinuation of the offending drug. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation. Dialysis may be required in severe cases where kidney function is significantly impaired.

Prognosis

The prognosis for drug-induced interstitial nephritis is generally good if the condition is recognized early and the offending drug is discontinued. However, in some cases, the condition can lead to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.

See also

• Interstitial nephritis
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• End-stage renal disease