Excess ovarian androgen release syndrome

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Excess Ovarian Androgen Release Syndrome (EOARS) is a medical condition characterized by the overproduction of androgens, which are male sex hormones, by the ovaries in females. This condition can lead to various symptoms and complications, including menstrual irregularities, infertility, and the development of masculine features.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of EOARS can vary from person to person, but commonly include:

1. Menstrual Irregularities: Women with EOARS often experience irregular menstrual cycles, which can manifest as heavy or prolonged periods, or even missed periods.

2. Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth, particularly in areas typically associated with males, such as the face, chest, and back, is a common symptom of EOARS.

3. Acne: Increased androgen levels can lead to the development of severe acne, which may be resistant to conventional treatments.

4. Male Pattern Baldness: Some women with EOARS may experience hair thinning or hair loss similar to male pattern baldness.

5. Infertility: EOARS can disrupt normal ovulation, leading to difficulties in conceiving.

6. Weight Gain: Many women with EOARS struggle with weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of EOARS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some potential causes and risk factors include:

1. Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, is commonly associated with EOARS. This can lead to increased androgen production by the ovaries.

2. Hormonal Imbalance: EOARS is often associated with an imbalance in hormones, particularly an increase in androgens and a decrease in female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

3. Genetic Predisposition: There may be a genetic component to EOARS, as it tends to run in families.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosing EOARS involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Some common diagnostic methods include:

1. Medical History Evaluation: The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms, menstrual history, and any family history of EOARS or related conditions.

2. Physical Examination: The doctor will perform a physical examination to check for signs of excessive hair growth, acne, or other physical manifestations of EOARS.

3. Hormone Testing: Blood tests can be conducted to measure hormone levels, including androgens, estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH).

4. Imaging Tests: In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound may be performed to evaluate the ovaries for any abnormalities.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment of EOARS aims to manage symptoms, restore hormonal balance, and improve fertility if desired. The treatment options may include:

1. Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet can help manage symptoms of EOARS.

2. Oral Contraceptives: Birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen production.

3. Anti-Androgen Medications: Medications that block the effects of androgens, such as spironolactone, may be prescribed to manage symptoms like hirsutism and acne.

4. Insulin-Sensitizing Agents: If insulin resistance is present, medications like metformin may be prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce androgen production.

5. Fertility Treatments: For women trying to conceive, fertility treatments such as ovulation induction or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended.

Complications[edit | edit source]

If left untreated, EOARS can lead to various complications, including:

1. Infertility: The disruption of ovulation and hormonal imbalances can make it difficult for women with EOARS to conceive naturally.

2. Metabolic Syndrome: EOARS is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels.

3. Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance, commonly seen in EOARS, can progress to type 2 diabetes if not managed properly.

4. Cardiovascular Disease: Women with EOARS have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Excess Ovarian Androgen Release Syndrome is a complex medical condition that can significantly impact a woman's reproductive health and overall well-being. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms, improve fertility, and reduce the risk of complications. If you suspect you may have EOARS, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD