Female sexual arousal disorder

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a sexual dysfunction characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity. The diagnosis can also refer to an inadequate lubrication-swelling response normally present during arousal and sexual activity. The condition should be distinguished from a general loss of interest in sexual activity and from other sexual dysfunctions, such as the orgasmic disorder (anorgasmia) and hyposexual desire disorder, which are characterized by a lack of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity.

Causes

The causes of FSAD are often multi-factorial and can include a range of physical, psychological, and social factors. Physical causes can include conditions like diabetes, heart disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, menopause, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and drug abuse. Psychological causes can include anxiety or depression, stress, low self-esteem, guilt, fear of sexual failure, and sexual abuse or rape. Social factors can include work stress, cultural or religious restrictions, or issues in the relationship with the partner.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of FSAD is based on the patient's sexual history and a physical examination. The sexual history can help to distinguish between the primary (lifelong) and secondary (acquired) forms of the disorder. The physical examination can help to identify any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the disorder. In some cases, additional tests may be needed to rule out other medical conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for FSAD can involve a combination of medical, psychological, and behavioral approaches. Medical treatments can include hormonal therapy, such as estrogen or testosterone, or the use of certain medications, such as sildenafil (Viagra). Psychological treatments can include cognitive-behavioral therapy, sex therapy, or couples therapy. Behavioral approaches can include techniques such as sensate focus exercises, which involve focusing on the sensations of sexual activity rather than the goal of orgasm.

See also

• Sexual dysfunction
• Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
• Sexual arousal
• Sex therapy