Follicular cyst of ovary

Follicular cyst of ovary, also known as an ovarian follicular cyst, is a type of functional ovarian cyst that arises from the growth of a follicle. A follicle is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary that contains an egg. These cysts are considered benign and are one of the most common types of ovarian cysts in women of reproductive age.

Causes and Development

Follicular cysts develop when the follicle grows larger than normal during the menstrual cycle and does not release its egg, leading to the formation of a cyst. The exact cause of this failure to ovulate is not always clear, but it can be influenced by hormonal imbalances or disruptions in the normal menstrual cycle.

Symptoms

In many cases, follicular cysts are asymptomatic and may resolve on their own without treatment. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain - a dull or sharp ache in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst
• Fullness or heaviness in the abdomen
• Bloating
• Pain during intercourse

Rarely, a follicular cyst can rupture, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding. This is considered a medical emergency.

Diagnosis

Follicular cysts are often discovered during a routine pelvic examination. To confirm the diagnosis, healthcare providers may use imaging tests such as:

• Ultrasound - the primary tool for visualizing the cyst's size, shape, and location
• CT scan or MRI - used in rare cases to further evaluate complex cysts

Blood tests may also be conducted to check for hormone levels and to rule out pregnancy.

Treatment

Treatment for follicular cysts depends on the size of the cyst, the presence of symptoms, and whether there are any complications. Options include:

• Watchful waiting - monitoring the cyst over a few menstrual cycles to see if it resolves on its own
• Hormonal contraceptives - to prevent the formation of new cysts
• Surgery - recommended if the cyst is large, causes symptoms, or persists for several menstrual cycles. Types of surgery include cystectomy or oophorectomy.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent the formation of follicular cysts, but regular pelvic examinations can help detect changes in the ovaries early. Managing stress and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may also help regulate the menstrual cycle.

See Also

• Ovarian cyst
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Endometriosis