Gluconolactone

Gluconolactone
Gluconolactone.png
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Molar Mass	178.14 g/mol
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Gluconolactone, also known as D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, is a naturally occurring compound that is derived from glucose. It is a member of the lactone family, which are cyclic esters of hydroxy acids. Gluconolactone is commonly used in the food and cosmetic industries, as well as in medical applications.

Structure and Properties

Gluconolactone is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It is a cyclic ester formed by the internal esterification of gluconic acid. The compound has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O₆ and a molar mass of 178.14 g/mol. It exists in equilibrium with its open-chain form, gluconic acid, in aqueous solutions.

Biological Role

Gluconolactone plays a role in various biological processes. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is crucial for the production of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is essential for biosynthetic reactions and antioxidant defense, while ribose-5-phosphate is a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides.

Medical Applications

Gluconolactone is used in several medical applications due to its beneficial properties:

Dermatology

In dermatology, gluconolactone is used as an ingredient in cosmetic and skincare products. It is classified as a polyhydroxy acid (PHA), which is known for its gentle exfoliating properties. PHAs are less irritating than alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and are suitable for sensitive skin. Gluconolactone helps improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines, and enhance skin hydration.

Antioxidant Properties

Gluconolactone exhibits antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This makes it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

Wound Healing

Gluconolactone has been studied for its potential to promote wound healing. It may enhance the healing process by modulating the inflammatory response and promoting tissue regeneration.

Food Industry

In the food industry, gluconolactone is used as a food additive and is designated by the E number E575. It acts as a sequestrant, acidulant, and leavening agent. It is commonly used in tofu production to coagulate soy milk.

Safety and Toxicology

Gluconolactone is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. It is well-tolerated in cosmetic and food applications, with a low potential for irritation or sensitization.

See Also

• Gluconic acid
• Lactone
• Pentose phosphate pathway
• Polyhydroxy acid

External Links

• [FDA GRAS Notice for Gluconolactone]
• [Cosmetic Ingredient Review on Gluconolactone]

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