Haematuria

Haematuria is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood, specifically red blood cells, in the urine. It can be categorized as either microscopic haematuria or macroscopic haematuria, depending on whether the blood is visible to the naked eye or only detectable under a microscope.

Causes

Haematuria can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Kidney infections
• Kidney stones
• Bladder stones
• Kidney disease
• Cancer of the kidney, bladder, or prostate
• Inherited diseases such as sickle cell anemia and cystic kidney disease
• Kidney injury
• Medications such as aspirin, penicillin, heparin, and cyclophosphamide
• Strenuous exercise

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of haematuria typically involves a series of tests, including:

• Urinalysis to check for red blood cells in the urine
• Blood tests to check for high levels of certain substances, such as creatinine
• Imaging tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI scans to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract
• Cystoscopy to examine the inside of the bladder

Treatment

The treatment for haematuria depends on its underlying cause. For example, antibiotics are used to treat UTIs, while surgery may be necessary to remove kidney or bladder stones. In some cases, no treatment is necessary, and the haematuria resolves on its own.

See also

• Urinary system
• Kidney disease
• Urinary tract infections
• Bladder stones
• Kidney stones

References

Haematuria Resources
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