Hodgkin’s Disease
Hodgkin's Disease
Hodgkin's Disease, also known as Hodgkin Lymphoma, is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. This disease is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Hodgkin's Disease is distinguished from other types of lymphoma by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are typically derived from B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. The exact cause of Hodgkin's Disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
The disease often begins in the lymph nodes and can spread to other parts of the lymphatic system, including the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other organs. The progression of Hodgkin's Disease is typically categorized into four stages, depending on the extent of the spread.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Common symptoms of Hodgkin's Disease include:
- Painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
- Persistent fatigue
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
- Itching
These symptoms can be similar to those of other illnesses, which can make diagnosis challenging.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of Hodgkin's Disease typically involves a combination of:
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or PET scans
- Lymph node biopsy to identify Reed-Sternberg cells
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for Hodgkin's Disease depends on the stage of the disease and may include:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Stem cell transplant
- Immunotherapy
The prognosis for Hodgkin's Disease has improved significantly with advances in treatment, and many patients can achieve long-term remission.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Hodgkin's Disease is relatively rare, with an incidence of about 2-3 cases per 100,000 people per year. It is more common in young adults, particularly those between the ages of 15 and 30, and in older adults over the age of 55. There is a slight male predominance in the incidence of the disease.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
