Immunisation

Immunisation is a process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

Definition

Immunisation is a process where a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

Types of Immunisation

Immunisation is done through various techniques, most commonly vaccination. Vaccines against microorganisms that cause diseases can prepare the body's immune system, thus helping to fight or prevent an infection.

Active Immunisation

Active immunisation can occur naturally when a person comes in contact with, for example, a microbe. The immune system will eventually create a defense against the microbe. The defense can be developed in advance through vaccines.

Passive Immunisation

Passive immunisation is where pre-synthesized elements of the immune system are transferred to a person so that the body does not need to produce these elements itself.

Benefits of Immunisation

Immunisation is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. It’s also one of the best health investments money can buy. Immunisation has been a great public health success story. The lives of millions of children have been saved, millions have the chance of a longer healthier life, a greater chance to learn, to play, to read and write, to move around freely without suffering.

Risks and Controversies

Like any medications, vaccines can cause side effects. The most common side effects are mild. On the other hand, many vaccine-preventable disease symptoms can be serious, or even deadly. Although many of these diseases are rare in this country, they do circulate around the world and can be brought into the U.S., putting unvaccinated children at a risk.

See Also

• Vaccine
• Infectious Disease
• Public Health

Immunisation Resources
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