Infant crying

Infobox Disease
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G71.2
ICD-9	359.0
OMIM	161800 256030 605355
DiseasesDB	31991 33448 33447
eMedicine	neuro/76 neuro/230
MeSH	D001321, D015518, D015518
GeneReviews	FBLN5-Related Cutis Laxa ATP6V0A2-Related CL

Infant crying is the instinctive vocalization expressed by infants in response to various stimuli, both internal and external. It serves as a primary means of communication during early development, allowing infants to express discomfort, hunger, pain, or other needs. While crying is a normal aspect of infancy, excessive or prolonged crying can indicate underlying issues that require attention and intervention.

Physiology

Infant crying can trigger the Valsalva reflex, leading to negative impacts on sucking pressures and feeding efficiency. Additionally, crying can elevate cortisol levels, blood pressure, and intracranial pressure, potentially increasing the risk of complications such as intracranial hemorrhage. Prolonged crying may also hinder venous return and cause respiratory disturbances.

Misconceptions

Misconceptions surrounding infant crying are prevalent among caregivers and medical professionals, often influenced by cultural beliefs rather than evidence-based knowledge. While some may view crying as a normal developmental process or necessary for lung expansion, research does not support these notions. Furthermore, birth trauma and maternal experiences during childbirth are not directly linked to infant crying.

Causes

Excessive crying in infants can have various underlying causes, including medical conditions such as infections, gastrointestinal issues, or neurological abnormalities. While colic is a commonly cited reason for prolonged crying, other factors such as trauma, abuse, or corneal abrasions must also be considered.

Maternal Responses

Infant crying can significantly impact maternal well-being, leading to elevated stress levels, depression, and potentially harmful responses such as physical aggression. Mothers without adequate support in infant care are particularly vulnerable to these effects, highlighting the importance of caregiver assistance and education.

Effects on Young Children

Excessive crying in infants, defined as crying for three or more hours per day, can have detrimental effects on both the child and caregiver. High levels of stress and frustration may increase the risk of abusive behaviors, emphasizing the need for early intervention and support services.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing and managing infant crying require a multifaceted approach, including caregiver education, stress management strategies, and timely medical evaluation when necessary. Comfort measures such as rocking, pacifiers, and gentle soothing techniques can help alleviate distress. However, persistent crying warrants medical attention to rule out underlying medical conditions and ensure the well-being of the infant.

See Also

• Colic
• Abusive head trauma
• Pediatrics