Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome (also known as Perthes disease) is a rare childhood condition that affects the hip joint. It is named after the three physicians who first described it: Arthur Legg, Jacques Calvé, and Georg Perthes.

Overview

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is characterized by a temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head (the ball part of the hip joint). This lack of blood flow causes the bone to die in a process known as avascular necrosis. Over time, the blood supply usually returns and the bone heals, but the healing process can cause changes to the shape of the bone that can lead to long-term problems.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is a limp, which is often painless. Other symptoms can include pain or stiffness in the hip, groin, thigh or knee, limited range of motion in the hip joint, and muscle loss in the thigh.

Causes

The exact cause of Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is unknown. It is not thought to be genetic, as it does not typically run in families. Some theories suggest that it may be related to environmental factors, such as exposure to secondhand smoke, or to certain childhood illnesses.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is usually made through a combination of physical examination, X-ray imaging, and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The condition can often be seen on an X-ray as an area of the femoral head that looks denser than normal.

Treatment

Treatment for Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome aims to preserve the shape of the femoral head and prevent stiffness in the hip joint. This can involve a range of approaches, from physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medication to surgery in more severe cases.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. Most children are able to return to normal activities within a few years. However, some may have ongoing hip problems into adulthood, particularly if the femoral head has been significantly reshaped.

See also

• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
• Hip dysplasia (human)

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is a rare disease.

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome Resources
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