List of childhood diseases and disorders

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Disability-adjusted life year for childhood-cluster diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. These include pertussis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles, and tetanus.

  no data

  ≤ 25

  25-50

  50-100

  100-200

  200-300

  300-400

  400-500

  500-750

  750-1000

  1000-2000

  2000-3000

  ≥ 3000

The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults.

Some childhood diseases include:

Diseases from three year to five year

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Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum

Further information: Neonate infection

• Candida albicans infection
• Candida parapsilosis infection
• Cytomegalovirus infection
• diphtheria
• human coronavirus infection
• respiratory distress syndrome
• measles
• meconium aspiration syndrome
• metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection
• Necrotizing enterocolitis
• Gonorrhea infection of the newborn
• parainfluenza (PIV) infection
• pertussis
• poliomyelitis
• prenatal Listeria
• Group B streptoccus infection
• Tay–Sachs disease
• tetanus
• Ureaplasma urealyticum infection
• respiratory Syncytial Virus infection
• rhinovirus; common cold

Diseases of older children

• Common cold
• AIDS
• Anemia
• Asthma
• Bronchiolitis
• Cancer
• Candidiasis ("Thrush")
• Chagas disease
• Chickenpox
• Croup
• Cystic fibrosis
• Cytomegalovirus (the virus most frequently transmitted before birth)
• dental caries
• Diabetes (Type 1)
• Diphtheria
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• Fifth disease
• Congenital Heart Disease
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Influenza
• Intussusception (medical disorder)
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Leukemia
• Measles
• Meningitis
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Mumps
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
• Pneumonia
• Polio
• Rheumatic fever
• Rickets
• Roseola
• Rubella
• Sever's disease
• Tetanus
• Tuberculosis
• Volvulus
• Whooping cough
• Hepatitis A
• Fever
• Scarlet fever (Scarletina)
• Lyme Disease
• Xerophthalmia
• Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections or PANDAS
• PANS

Glossary of common childhood diseases

• Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum A serious eye infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can occur in newborns whose mothers have gonorrhea. If left untreated, it can lead to blindness.
• Candida albicans infection A type of fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans, which can affect the skin, nails, mouth, throat, and genital area.
• Candida parapsilosis infection A fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida parapsilosis, which can affect the skin, nails, mouth, throat, and genital area.
• Cytomegalovirus infection A viral infection caused by the cytomegalovirus (CMV), which can affect the eyes, ears, brain, and other organs. It is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays.
• Diphtheria An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which affects the throat and nose. It can lead to serious complications such as heart and nerve damage.
• Human coronavirus infection An infectious disease caused by the human coronavirus, which affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe respiratory illness, such as COVID-19.
• Respiratory distress syndrome A condition that occurs when the lungs are not able to provide enough oxygen to the body, often seen in premature infants.
• Measles An infectious disease caused by the measles virus, which affects the respiratory system and can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis.
• Meconium aspiration syndrome A condition that occurs when a newborn inhales meconium (their first stool) during delivery, which can lead to breathing problems and lung infections.
• Metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection A viral infection caused by the human metapneumovirus, which affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe respiratory illness, similar to the common cold.
• Necrotizing enterocolitis A serious condition that affects the intestine and can lead to the death of intestinal tissue.
• Gonorrhea infection of the newborn A serious bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can occur in newborns whose mothers have gonorrhea.
• Parainfluenza (PIV) infection A viral infection caused by the parainfluenza virus, which affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe respiratory illness, similar to the common cold.
• Pertussis An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe coughing fits, often referred to as "whooping cough."
• Poliomyelitis An infectious disease caused by the poliovirus, which can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis.
• Prenatal Listeria A bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes that can occur during pregnancy and can lead to serious complications such as stillbirth, premature birth, and infection of the newborn.
• Group B streptoccus infection A bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, which can occur during pregnancy and can lead to serious complications such as stillbirth, premature birth, and infection of the newborn.
• Tay–Sachs disease A rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system and can lead to severe developmental delays and death.
• Ureaplasma urealyticum infection A bacterial infection caused by the Ureaplasma urealyticum bacteria that can lead to respiratory and urinary tract infections in infants and young children.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection A viral infection that causes respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing in infants and young children.
• Rhinovirus The virus that causes the common cold. Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, and a sore throat.
• Type 2 Diabetes A chronic condition in which the body does not properly use and store glucose (a type of sugar). It can occur at any age, but is more common in older adults and people who are overweight.
• Common Cold An infectious disease of the upper respiratory system caused by a variety of viruses. Symptoms include sneezing, sore throat, coughing, and a runny nose.
• AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can lead to life-threatening infections and cancers.
• Anemia A condition in which the body does not have enough red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.
• Asthma A chronic lung condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.
• Bronchiolitis An infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by a virus, that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways in infants and young children.
• Cancer A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body.
• Candidiasis ("Thrush") An infection caused by the yeast Candida, which can affect the mouth, throat, and other parts of the body.
• Chagas disease A parasitic infection caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, that can lead to serious heart and digestive problems.
• Chickenpox A highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by an itchy rash and small, fluid-filled blisters.
• Croup An infection of the upper airway, characterized by a harsh, barking cough and difficulty breathing.
• Cystic fibrosis A genetic disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs, causing severe damage to the respiratory and digestive systems.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection A viral infection that can be transmitted to a fetus during pregnancy and can lead to serious health problems in infants.
• Dental caries (tooth decay) A bacterial infection that causes damage to the teeth and can lead to cavities.
• Diabetes (Type 1) A chronic condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin to properly use and store glucose.
• Diphtheria A serious bacterial infection that affects the respiratory system, characterized by a thick gray coating on the back of the throat.
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy A genetic disorder that causes muscle weakness and wasting, leading to difficulty with walking and other movements.
• Fifth disease A viral infection caused by parvovirus B19, characterized by a rash on the face and a fever.
• Congenital Heart Disease A heart defect present at birth.
• Infectious mononucleosis A viral infection, also known as "mono" or "the kissing disease", characterized by fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands.
• Influenza A viral infection that causes fever, cough, sore throat, and other respiratory symptoms.
• Intussusception A medical disorder in which a part of the intestine (usually the small intestine) folds into itself, creating an obstruction and often causing severe abdominal pain. It can occur in both adults and children, but is more common in infants.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) A type of arthritis that affects children under the age of 16. The cause of JIA is unknown, and symptoms can include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
• Leukemia A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It causes the body to produce too many white blood cells, which can interfere with the normal functioning of the blood and immune system.
• Measles A highly contagious viral infection that causes a fever, rash, and other symptoms. It is spread through the air by coughing and sneezing.
• Meningitis An infection or inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms can include fever, headache, stiff neck, and a rash.
• Molluscum Contagiosum A viral skin infection that causes small, raised, wart-like bumps on the skin. It is most commonly seen in children and is caused by the Molluscum contagiosum virus.
• Mumps A viral infection that causes swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. Symptoms can include fever, headache, and a swollen jaw.
• Nephrotic Syndrome A group of symptoms that occur when the kidneys are damaged and can no longer properly filter waste products from the blood. Symptoms can include swelling, protein in the urine, and high blood pressure.
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease A condition that causes pain and swelling just below the knee in children and adolescents. It is caused by overuse or injury to the growth plate in the knee.
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) A genetic disorder that affects the development of bones, causing them to be fragile and easily broken. Symptoms can vary widely, but can include frequent bone fractures, short stature, and blue sclera (the whites of the eyes).
• Pneumonia An infection of the lungs that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lung tissue. Symptoms can include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
• Polio A viral infection that can cause paralysis and other serious complications. It is spread through contact with the feces of an infected person.
• Rheumatic Fever A complication of strep throat that can cause fever, joint pain, and other symptoms. It can also damage the heart valves.
• Rickets A condition that occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin D, which is needed for proper bone growth and development. Symptoms can include bowed legs, a curved spine, and a large forehead.
• Roseola A viral infection that causes a fever, rash, and other symptoms. It is most commonly seen in children under the age of 2.
• Rubella Also known as German measles, a viral infection that causes a rash and fever.
• Sever's disease A condition that occurs in children and adolescents, characterized by pain in the heel due to overuse.
• Tetanus A serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system, causing muscle stiffness and spasms.
• Tuberculosis A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
• Volvulus A condition in which a portion of the intestine twists on itself, cutting off the blood supply and causing severe abdominal pain.
• Whooping cough A highly contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing, difficulty breathing, and a characteristic "whooping" sound when breathing in.
• Hepatitis A A viral infection that affects the liver, causing symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
• Fever A condition characterized by an elevated body temperature, often caused by infection or inflammation.
• Scarlet fever (Scarletina) A bacterial infection that causes a rash and fever, often accompanied by a sore throat.
• Lyme disease A bacterial infection spread by tick bites, that can cause fever, fatigue, and joint pain.
• Xerophthalmia A condition characterized by dryness and inflammation of the eyes, caused by a deficiency of vitamin A.

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