Osgood-Schlatter disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a common cause of knee pain in growing adolescents. It is an inflammation of the area just below the knee where the tendon from the kneecap (patellar tendon) attaches to the shinbone (tibia).

Causes

OSD is thought to be caused by small injuries to the knee area from overuse before the knee is finished growing. The quadriceps muscle, a large, strong muscle in the front part of the thigh, pulls on the patellar tendon which in turn, pulls on the area where the tendon attaches to the shinbone. During activities that involve a lot of running, jumping and bending — such as soccer, basketball, volleyball and ballet — the quadriceps muscle pulls on the patellar tendon which can cause the tendon to pull away from the shinbone. This is especially common in young athletes who are going through a growth spurt.

Symptoms

The main symptom of OSD is knee pain that worsens with activity and is relieved by rest. The pain may become chronic and interfere with sports performance. Other symptoms may include swelling, tenderness, and redness over the shinbone just below the kneecap.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of OSD is typically based on the characteristic symptoms and physical examination findings. Imaging tests such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of knee pain.

Treatment

The primary treatment for OSD is rest and restriction of activity. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be used to help reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy exercises may be recommended to stretch and strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. In severe cases, a cast or brace may be needed to immobilize the knee and allow the area to heal.

Prognosis

Most cases of OSD resolve spontaneously once the child stops growing. However, some people may continue to have pain during intense activity.

See also

• Growing pains
• Knee pain
• Sports medicine