Liver metastasis

Liver Metastasis

Liver metastasis, also known as hepatic metastasis, refers to the spread of cancer cells from their original (primary) site to the liver. This is a common occurrence in the progression of various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer.

Overview

Liver metastasis is not the same as liver cancer, which starts in the liver. Instead, it is a secondary cancer that has spread (metastasized) from another part of the body. The liver is a common site for metastasis due to its rich, dual blood supply and the numerous biological factors that promote the survival and growth of metastatic cells.

Pathophysiology

The process of metastasis involves several steps, collectively known as the metastatic cascade. Cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to the liver. Once there, they extravasate into the liver tissue, survive, proliferate, and form a secondary tumor.

Clinical Presentation

Symptoms of liver metastasis can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the metastatic lesions. Common symptoms include jaundice, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), and pain in the upper right abdomen.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of liver metastasis typically involves imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. Biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment options for liver metastasis depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the primary cancer, the size and number of metastatic lesions in the liver, and the patient's overall health. Treatment may involve surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with liver metastasis is generally poor, with a median survival time of less than one year. However, survival can vary widely depending on the type and stage of the primary cancer, the extent of the liver involvement, and the treatments used.

See Also

• Metastasis
• Liver cancer
• Hepatic artery
• Portal vein