Anomalous pulmonary venous connection

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Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Synonyms Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR)
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Cyanosis, dyspnea, tachypnea, heart murmur
Complications Heart failure, pulmonary hypertension
Onset Neonatal
Duration Lifelong if untreated
Types N/A
Causes Congenital defect
Risks Genetic factors, maternal diabetes
Diagnosis Echocardiography, chest X-ray, cardiac MRI
Differential diagnosis Atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus
Prevention None
Treatment Surgical repair
Medication N/A
Prognosis Good with treatment
Frequency 1 in 10,000 live births
Deaths N/A


Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) is a rare congenital heart defect where the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium. Instead, they connect to other parts of the heart or systemic veins, leading to improper oxygenation of blood.

Types[edit | edit source]

APVC can be classified into two main types:

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

In a normal heart, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. In APVC, the pulmonary veins connect to the right atrium or to veins that drain into the right atrium, such as the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava. This results in a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to reduced oxygen levels in the systemic circulation.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of APVC can vary depending on the severity and type of the defect. Common symptoms include:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

APVC is typically diagnosed using imaging techniques such as:

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The primary treatment for APVC is surgical correction. The specific surgical approach depends on the type and severity of the defect. Common procedures include:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

With timely surgical intervention, the prognosis for individuals with APVC is generally good. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for potential complications such as:

Related Pages[edit | edit source]

Categories[edit | edit source]




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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD