Periarteritis nodosa

Periarteritis nodosa, also known as polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), is a serious blood vessel disease. PAN occurs when certain types of immune cells attack the affected arteries. In this condition, small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged when they are attacked by rogue immune cells.

Symptoms

The symptoms of periarteritis nodosa can vary greatly from person to person, depending on which organs are affected. Some common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Muscle and joint aches
• Skin rashes or ulcers
• Nerve damage leading to numbness or weakness

Causes

The exact cause of periarteritis nodosa is unknown. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells and tissues. Some researchers believe that an infection or a drug may trigger the immune system to attack the blood vessels.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa can be challenging because its symptoms are similar to those of many other diseases. Doctors may use a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests, and imaging tests to diagnose this condition. In some cases, a biopsy of affected tissue may be necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for periarteritis nodosa typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. These may include corticosteroids and other drugs that reduce the body's immune response. In severe cases, chemotherapy may be used to suppress the immune system.

See also

• Vasculitis
• Autoimmune disease
• Corticosteroids
• Chemotherapy

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