Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is a type of inflammation of the skin that results from direct contact with certain substances. It is a localized rash or irritation of the skin caused by contact with a foreign substance.

Causes

Contact dermatitis is caused by either an allergic reaction or an irritant. The most common cause is direct contact with certain substances such as soap, cosmetics, fragrance, jewelry made of nickel, latex, industrial chemicals, and a poison oak or poison ivy plant.

Types

There are two types of contact dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin develops an allergic reaction to a substance. Irritant contact dermatitis is more common and occurs when a chemical or other substance irritates the skin.

Symptoms

The symptoms of contact dermatitis can vary from person to person, but they usually include redness, itching, and sometimes small blisters on the skin. The rash is usually located in a defined and limited area, and it can take anywhere from a few hours to 10 days for symptoms to appear after exposure to the irritant.

Treatment

Treatment for contact dermatitis usually involves avoiding the substance that caused the reaction. Over-the-counter creams and ointments, such as hydrocortisone cream, can help to relieve itching and redness. If the reaction is severe, a person may need to take corticosteroid pills.

Prevention

Prevention of contact dermatitis primarily involves avoiding known allergens and irritants. Using protective clothing and gloves can also help to prevent the skin from coming into contact with irritating substances.