Posterior urethral valve

Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV) is a condition that affects the urethra in male infants. It is a congenital disorder, meaning it is present at birth. The condition is characterized by the presence of an abnormality in the urethra, which is the tube that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. This abnormality is a type of blockage that prevents urine from flowing freely out of the body.

Causes

The exact cause of PUV is unknown. However, it is believed to be a genetic condition, as it often runs in families. The condition is not caused by anything the mother did or did not do during pregnancy.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PUV can vary greatly from one individual to another. Some infants may have severe symptoms, while others may have no symptoms at all. Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty urinating
• A weak urine stream
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Failure to thrive
• Swelling of the lower abdomen

Diagnosis

PUV is typically diagnosed through a series of tests. These may include:

• Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create a picture of the inside of the body. It can help to identify any abnormalities in the urethra or bladder.
• Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG): This is a type of X-ray that examines the urinary tract. It can help to identify any blockages in the urethra.
• Urodynamic studies: These tests measure the pressure in the bladder and the flow of urine. They can help to identify any problems with the function of the bladder or urethra.

Treatment

The treatment for PUV depends on the severity of the condition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the blockage. Other treatments may include:

• Medications to help control symptoms
• Regular monitoring to ensure the condition does not worsen
• In severe cases, a kidney transplant may be necessary

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with PUV varies. Some individuals may lead normal lives with no complications, while others may experience ongoing urinary problems. In severe cases, the condition can lead to kidney damage and potentially life-threatening complications.

See also

• Congenital disorders
• Urethra
• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney transplant

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