Dental abrasion

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Dental abrasion
Synonyms	Tooth wear
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Tooth sensitivity, tooth pain, tooth discoloration
Complications	Tooth decay, tooth fracture, gum recession
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Brushing teeth too hard, bruxism, acidic foods
Risks	Poor oral hygiene, smoking, diet high in sugar
Diagnosis	Dental examination, dental X-rays
Differential diagnosis	Dental erosion, dental attrition
Prevention	Use of soft-bristled toothbrush, proper brushing technique, fluoride toothpaste
Treatment	Dental restoration, fluoride treatment, mouthguard
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Abrasion

Dental abrasion is a dental condition characterized by the wearing away of tooth enamel and dentin due to external mechanical forces.

Introduction

Dental abrasion is a type of tooth wear that occurs when the tooth's hard tissues, including enamel and dentin, are gradually removed or eroded by external factors other than chewing. It often results in tooth sensitivity, changes in tooth appearance, and increased susceptibility to dental cavities.

Causes

Dental abrasion can be caused by various factors, including:

• Improper Toothbrushing Technique: Aggressive toothbrushing with a hard-bristle toothbrush or abrasive toothpaste can lead to enamel erosion.
• Using Abrasive Dental Products: Certain dental products, such as abrasive toothpaste or toothpowder, can contribute to dental abrasion if used excessively.
• Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): The habit of grinding or clenching teeth, especially during sleep, can cause tooth wear.
• Consuming Abrasive Substances: Chewing on hard substances like ice or using teeth as tools can lead to enamel erosion.
• Oral Piercings: Tongue or lip piercings can cause friction against teeth, leading to abrasion.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of dental abrasion may include:

• Tooth Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and beverages.
• Changes in Tooth Appearance: Notable changes in tooth shape, flat or notched surfaces, and yellowing of exposed dentin.
• Toothache: Discomfort or pain, especially when consuming hot or cold items.

Prevention

Preventing dental abrasion involves adopting good oral hygiene practices and making lifestyle changes:

• Proper Toothbrushing Technique: Use a soft-bristle toothbrush and gentle circular motions to brush teeth. Avoid excessive force.
• Choose Toothpaste Wisely: Select a toothpaste with low abrasiveness, as recommended by dental professionals.
• Address Bruxism: If you grind or clench your teeth, consult a dentist for a custom nightguard to protect teeth during sleep.
• Avoid Chewing Hard Objects: Refrain from using teeth to open bottles, tear packages, or chew on hard substances.
• Regular Dental Check-ups: Visit a dentist for routine check-ups to detect and address dental abrasion in its early stages.

Treatment

The treatment of dental abrasion depends on its severity. Options may include:

• Fluoride treatment: Topical fluoride applications to strengthen enamel.
• Dental bonding: Applying dental bonding material to restore damaged areas.
• Dental crowns: In severe cases, crowns may be used to protect and restore teeth.
• Behavioral therapy: Managing bruxism through behavioral interventions.

See Also

• Tooth wear
• Oral health
• Dental care