TGF alpha

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Transforming Growth Factor Alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that is involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and development. It is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and functions as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Structure

TGF-α is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 50 amino acids. It shares structural similarities with epidermal growth factor (EGF), including the presence of six conserved cysteine residues that form three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

Function

TGF-α binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Upon binding, it induces receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation of the receptor, leading to the activation of various downstream signaling pathways. These pathways include the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the JAK/STAT pathway, which are involved in regulating cell growth, survival, and differentiation.

Role in Development and Disease

TGF-α plays a crucial role in embryonic development, particularly in the development of the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also involved in the wound healing process and the regeneration of tissues.

In cancer, TGF-α is often overexpressed and contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. It is implicated in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer.

Clinical Significance

Due to its role in cancer, TGF-α and its receptor, EGFR, are targets for cancer therapy. EGFR inhibitors are used in the treatment of various cancers to block the signaling pathways activated by TGF-α.

See Also

• Epidermal growth factor
• Epidermal growth factor receptor
• MAPK/ERK pathway
• PI3K/AKT pathway
• JAK/STAT pathway
• Cancer
• Cell proliferation
• Cell differentiation