Trach tube

Tracheostomy Tube (commonly referred to as a Trach Tube) is a medical device that is inserted into a patient's trachea through a surgical procedure known as a tracheostomy. The tube provides an airway and assists in removing secretions from the lungs. This tube is used in situations where long-term mechanical ventilation is needed or when there is a blockage in the upper airway.

Anatomy and Physiology

The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. The trachea is composed of approximately 20 rings of tough cartilage. The back part of each ring is made of muscle and connective tissue. Moist, smooth tissue called mucosa lines the inside of the trachea. The trachea's main function is to provide a clear path for air to enter and exit the lungs.

Indications

Trach tubes are used in various medical conditions, including:

• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Congenital abnormalities of the airway
• Lung cancer
• Vocal cord paralysis
• Coma
• Inability to clear secretions from the lungs

Procedure

The procedure to insert a trach tube, known as a tracheostomy, is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision at the front of the neck, opens a direct airway through an opening in the trachea, and inserts the trach tube. The tube is then secured with a strap around the patient's neck.

Types of Trach Tubes

There are several types of trach tubes, including:

• Cuffed Trach Tubes: These have a balloon around the outside that can be inflated to provide a seal between the tube and the trachea.
• Uncuffed Trach Tubes: These do not have a balloon and are used when the patient can manage their own secretions.
• Fenestrated Trach Tubes: These have holes on the outer curve, which allow the patient to breathe through the tube and up through their vocal cords.

Complications

Possible complications of a trach tube include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Damage to the trachea
• Difficulty swallowing
• Blockage of the tube
• Displacement of the tube

Care and Maintenance

Proper care and maintenance of a trach tube are essential to prevent complications. This includes regular cleaning and changing of the tube, monitoring for signs of infection, and ensuring the tube is functioning properly.