Treatment of influenza
Overview[edit | edit source]
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Influenza symptoms can include:
- Fever or feeling feverish/chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Headaches
- Fatigue (tiredness)
- Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of influenza primarily involves supportive care and, in some cases, antiviral medications.
Supportive Care[edit | edit source]
Supportive care includes:
- Rest: Patients are advised to get plenty of rest to help their body fight the infection.
- Hydration: Drinking fluids is important to prevent dehydration.
- Over-the-counter medications: These can help relieve symptoms such as fever, aches, and cough. Common medications include acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
Antiviral Medications[edit | edit source]
Antiviral drugs can be used to treat influenza. These medications can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by 1 or 2 days. They also can prevent serious flu complications, like pneumonia.
Common antiviral drugs include:
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Zanamivir (Relenza)
- Peramivir (Rapivab)
- Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)
Antiviral treatment is most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
The best way to prevent influenza is through annual vaccination. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older, with rare exceptions.
Other preventive measures include:
- Practicing good hand hygiene
- Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
- Covering coughs and sneezes
- Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces
Complications[edit | edit source]
Complications from influenza can include:
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Sinus infections
- Worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as asthma or heart disease
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