Unani

Unani or Unani Medicine, also known as Greco-Arab medicine or Unani Tibb, is a traditional system of healing and health maintenance observed in South Asia. The term Unani is derived from 'Unan', the Arabic and Urdu for 'Greece'. The system is based on the teachings of ancient Greek physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen and developed into an elaborate medical system by Arab and Persian physicians, such as Rhazes (Al-Razi), Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Zahrawi, and Ibn Nafis.

History

Unani medicine originated in Greece, and was developed by the Arabs into an extensive medical system. It was introduced to India during the medieval period. The system owes its current form to the Arabs who not only saved much of the ancient Greek philosophical and scientific literature by translating it into Arabic but also enriched the original Greek heritage with contributions through their own observations, experiences, and experiments.

Principles

Unani medicine is based on the concept of the four humors: blood (Dam), phlegm (Balgham), yellow bile (Ṣafrā') and black bile (Saudā'). The humors correlate with the four elements, which are fire, earth, water and air. The balance of these humors in the human body is the key to health and wellness, while any imbalance can lead to disease.

Practice

Unani practitioners, called Hakims, view the patient as a whole, rather than focusing on a specific disease. Diagnosis is often made through pulse reading, urine examination and physical examination. Treatment can involve diet, exercise, and traditional medicines.

Criticism and Controversy

Unani has been criticized for lacking scientific evidence, being slow to cure, and for being practiced by those without formal training. However, it continues to be used in many parts of South Asia and has a dedicated following.

See Also

• Ayurveda
• Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Homeopathy
• Naturopathy