Uterine adnexa

Uterine Adnexa

The uterine adnexa or adnexa of uterus refers to the structures most closely related anatomically and functionally to the uterus. They can be defined in slightly different ways, but usually include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments that hold the uterus in place.

Anatomy

The uterine adnexa comprises of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the supporting ligaments of the uterus. These structures are located in the pelvic cavity, adjacent to the uterus.

Ovaries

The ovaries are paired gonads that produce oocytes for fertilization. They also produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Fallopian Tubes

The fallopian tubes are paired tubular structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They serve as the site for fertilization and transport of the fertilized egg to the uterus.

Ligaments

The supporting ligaments of the uterus include the broad ligament, round ligament, uterosacral ligament, and cardinal ligament. These ligaments provide structural support to the uterus and help maintain its position within the pelvic cavity.

Function

The primary function of the uterine adnexa is related to female reproduction. The ovaries produce oocytes for fertilization and secrete sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. The fallopian tubes serve as the site for fertilization and transport the fertilized egg to the uterus. The ligaments provide structural support to the uterus.

Clinical Significance

Diseases and conditions that can affect the uterine adnexa include ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, and ovarian cancer. These conditions can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, infertility, and irregular menstruation, and may require medical or surgical treatment.

See Also

• Female reproductive system
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Hysterectomy

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