Virilism

Virilism is a medical condition characterized by the development of secondary male sexual characteristics in females. This can include features such as a deepened voice, increased body hair, and an enlarged clitoris. Virilism can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medical conditions and the use of certain medications.

Causes

The most common cause of virilism is an overproduction of androgens, the male sex hormones, by the adrenal glands or the ovaries. This can occur as a result of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or adrenal tumors. Certain medications, such as anabolic steroids, can also cause virilism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of virilism can vary depending on the underlying cause, but they typically include the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. These can include:

• Increased body and facial hair
• Deepening of the voice
• Enlargement of the clitoris
• Male-pattern baldness
• Increased muscle mass
• Changes in body shape, such as a more angular jawline and broader shoulders

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of virilism typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Blood tests may be performed to measure levels of androgens and other hormones. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or a CT scan, may be used to check for tumors in the adrenal glands or ovaries.

Treatment

The treatment for virilism depends on the underlying cause. If the condition is caused by a tumor, surgery may be required to remove it. Medications may be used to reduce the production of androgens or to block their effects. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy may be recommended.

See also

• Hirsutism
• Hyperandrogenism
• Androgen

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