Visceral efferent neuron

Visceral Efferent Neuron

A Visceral Efferent Neuron (also known as autonomic efferent neuron or motor neuron) is a type of neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the visceral organs such as the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. These neurons play a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system, controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, and dilation of the pupils.

Structure

Visceral efferent neurons are typically multipolar, meaning they have one axon and multiple dendrites. The cell body of the neuron is located in the brainstem or the spinal cord, and the axon extends to the visceral organ it innervates. These neurons are connected to visceral afferent neurons, which transmit sensory information from the visceral organs back to the central nervous system.

Function

The primary function of visceral efferent neurons is to transmit motor commands from the central nervous system to the visceral organs. These commands are typically involuntary and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body. For example, visceral efferent neurons control the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, and the secretion of digestive enzymes.

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction of visceral efferent neurons can lead to a variety of disorders, including autonomic neuropathy, a condition characterized by damage to the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions. Symptoms can include dizziness, fainting, urinary problems, and digestive issues. Treatment typically involves managing the underlying condition causing the neuropathy and may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

See Also

• Neuron
• Central nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system
• Visceral afferent neuron