Yakuts

File:Sakha language speaker, 1994, Sakha Yakutia.webm

The Yakuts, also known as the Sakha (Саха), are a Turkic ethnic group primarily residing in the Sakha Republic, also known as Yakutia, in the Russian Federation. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and have a rich cultural heritage that includes unique traditions, language, and history.

History

The Yakuts are believed to have migrated from the area around Lake Baikal to the middle Lena River basin in the 13th and 14th centuries. Their migration was likely driven by the expansion of the Mongol Empire and other Turkic groups. Over time, they adapted to the harsh climate of Siberia and developed a distinct culture.

In the 17th century, the Yakuts came into contact with Russian explorers and traders. The Russian Empire gradually extended its control over Yakutia, and the Yakuts were incorporated into the empire. This period saw significant changes in Yakut society, including the introduction of Christianity and the Russian language.

Language

The Yakut language is a member of the Northern Turkic branch of the Turkic language family. It is the most widely spoken Turkic language in Siberia and is co-official with Russian in the Sakha Republic. The language has been influenced by Russian, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages due to historical interactions.

Culture

Yakut culture is characterized by its adaptation to the extreme climate of Siberia. Traditional Yakut dwellings, known as "urasa," are designed to withstand cold temperatures. The Yakuts are known for their skills in animal husbandry, particularly horse and cattle breeding, which are central to their way of life.

Yakut folklore and mythology are rich with tales of spirits and shamanistic practices. Shamanism remains an important aspect of Yakut culture, although many Yakuts are also adherents of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Economy

The economy of the Yakuts has traditionally been based on pastoralism, hunting, and fishing. In modern times, the Sakha Republic is known for its vast mineral resources, including diamonds, gold, and coal, which play a significant role in the regional economy.

Demographics

According to the latest census, there are approximately 480,000 Yakuts, making them the largest ethnic group in the Sakha Republic. They constitute about 50% of the republic's population.

Also see

• Sakha Republic
• Turkic peoples
• Shamanism in Siberia
• Russian Orthodox Church
• Indigenous peoples of Siberia