Yakuts

Yakuts

250px Yakut people in traditional attire
Total population
Approximately 480,000
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Yakut, Russian
Religion
Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Tengrism

The Yakuts, also known as the Sakha, are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Sakha Republic, also known as Yakutia, in Russia. They are the largest ethnic group in the Sakha Republic and are known for their rich cultural heritage, unique language, and adaptation to the harsh climate of Siberia.

History

The Yakuts are believed to have migrated from the region around Lake Baikal to the middle Lena River basin in the 13th and 14th centuries. Their migration was likely driven by the expansion of the Mongol Empire and the subsequent displacement of Turkic peoples. The Yakuts developed a distinct culture and society, influenced by both Turkic and Mongolic elements.

During the 17th century, the Yakuts came into contact with Russian explorers and traders. The Russian Empire gradually extended its control over Yakutia, and the Yakuts were incorporated into the empire. Despite this, they managed to preserve much of their traditional culture and language.

Culture

The Yakut culture is characterized by its adaptation to the extreme cold of Siberia. Traditional Yakut dwellings, known as urasa, are designed to withstand harsh winters. The Yakuts are skilled in animal husbandry, particularly in raising horses and cattle, which are central to their way of life.

Language

The Yakut language is a member of the Turkic language family. It has several dialects and is written using the Cyrillic script. The language is an important part of Yakut identity and is taught in schools throughout the Sakha Republic.

Religion

The Yakuts traditionally practiced shamanism and Tengrism, which involved the worship of natural spirits and ancestors. With the arrival of Russian influence, many Yakuts converted to Eastern Orthodoxy, although traditional beliefs and practices remain influential.

Economy

The economy of the Yakuts has traditionally been based on pastoralism, hunting, and fishing. In modern times, the Sakha Republic is rich in natural resources, including diamonds, gold, and oil, which have become significant contributors to the regional economy.

Demographics

According to the 2010 Russian Census, there are approximately 480,000 Yakuts, with the majority residing in the Sakha Republic. The Yakuts are the largest ethnic group in the region, making up about 50% of the population.

Also see

• Sakha Republic
• Turkic peoples
• Shamanism
• Tengrism
• Eastern Orthodox Church