Yolk sac tumor

Yolk Sac Tumor (YST), also known as endodermal sinus tumor, is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects children and young adults. It is a type of germ cell tumor that originates from the yolk sac of a developing embryo.

Overview

The yolk sac is an important structure in the early development of many animals, including humans. It provides nourishment to the embryo before the placenta is fully formed. In some cases, cells from the yolk sac can develop into a tumor. This is known as a yolk sac tumor.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a yolk sac tumor can vary depending on the location of the tumor. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, a palpable mass, and symptoms related to metastasis such as shortness of breath or cough. In males, a yolk sac tumor can cause testicular swelling or a lump in the testicle.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a yolk sac tumor typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to measure levels of a protein called alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is often elevated in patients with yolk sac tumors.

Treatment

Treatment for yolk sac tumors usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan will depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with yolk sac tumors is generally good, especially if the tumor is detected early and treated aggressively. However, the prognosis can vary depending on factors such as the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and the patient's response to treatment.

See also

• Germ cell tumor
• Testicular cancer
• Ovarian cancer

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