2022 2023 mpox outbreak in Canada

Disease	Mpox
Pathogen strain
Source
Location	Canada
First outbreak
First reported
Index case	May 2022
Dates
Date

The 2022–2023 Mpox outbreak in Canada refers to the spread of the Mpox virus in Canada, beginning in May 2022. The outbreak is part of a larger global resurgence of the disease, which has been reported in multiple countries outside of its traditional endemic regions in Central and West Africa.

Background

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is similar to smallpox, though generally less severe. Symptoms include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, and the disease can be transmitted from animals to humans, as well as between humans.

Timeline of the Outbreak

Initial Cases

The first cases of mpox in Canada were reported in May 2022. These initial cases were identified in Montreal, Quebec, and were linked to international travel and local transmission.

Spread Across Provinces

Following the initial cases, the outbreak spread to other provinces, including Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta. By the end of 2022, all provinces and territories had reported cases, with the majority concentrated in urban centers.

Public Health Response

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) coordinated the national response, which included surveillance, contact tracing, and vaccination campaigns. The Imvamune vaccine, originally developed for smallpox, was used to protect high-risk populations, including healthcare workers and close contacts of confirmed cases.

Epidemiology

As of October 2023, there have been approximately 1,400 confirmed cases of mpox in Canada. The majority of cases have been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM), reflecting similar patterns observed in other countries during this outbreak.

Prevention and Control Measures

Public health measures have focused on vaccination, public awareness campaigns, and guidance for healthcare providers. The PHAC has worked with provincial and territorial health authorities to ensure a coordinated response.

Impact

The mpox outbreak has highlighted the importance of global health security and the need for preparedness against emerging infectious diseases. It has also underscored the role of international collaboration in managing outbreaks that cross borders.

Also see

• Mpox
• Public Health Agency of Canada
• Imvamune
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak