Acquis communautaire

The acquis communautaire is a fundamental concept in the European Union (EU) that refers to the entire body of EU laws, legal acts, and court decisions which constitute the legal order of the European Union. The term "acquis communautaire" is French for "community acquis" or "community achievement," and it encompasses all the rights and obligations that EU member states share.

Overview[edit | edit source]

The acquis communautaire is a dynamic and evolving body of law that includes:

Primary legislation: The founding treaties of the EU, such as the Treaty of Rome, the Treaty of Maastricht, and the Treaty of Lisbon.
Secondary legislation: Regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations, and opinions issued by the EU institutions.
Case law: Judgments and interpretations by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the General Court.
International agreements: Treaties and agreements that the EU has entered into with non-EU countries and international organizations.

Importance[edit | edit source]

The acquis communautaire is crucial for the functioning of the EU as it ensures uniformity and consistency in the application of EU law across all member states. It serves as the legal foundation for the EU's policies and actions and is essential for maintaining the single market, ensuring the free movement of goods, services, people, and capital.

Enlargement and the Acquis[edit | edit source]

When a country seeks to join the EU, it must adopt the entire acquis communautaire. This process is known as "accession" and involves:

1. Screening: The EU and the candidate country review the acquis to identify areas where the candidate needs to make changes. 2. Negotiation: The candidate country negotiates with the EU on how and when it will adopt the acquis. 3. Implementation: The candidate country must implement the acquis into its national legal system before joining the EU.

The acquis is divided into chapters, each covering a specific policy area, such as competition policy, agriculture, or environmental protection. Candidate countries must demonstrate their ability to adopt and enforce the acquis in each chapter.

Challenges[edit | edit source]

Adopting the acquis communautaire can be challenging for candidate countries, especially those with different legal traditions or lower levels of economic development. It requires significant legal, administrative, and economic reforms.

Also see[edit | edit source]

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v t e Judiciary and law of the European Union
Judiciary	Court of Justice of the European Union European Court of Justice members Advocates General General Court Civil Service Tribunal European lawyer Relationship with ECHR Public Prosecutor European civil code
Treaties	Rome Treaty Merger Treaty Single European Act Maastricht Treaty Amsterdam Treaty Nice Treaty Lisbon Treaty Charter of Fundamental Rights Opt-outs
Acts	Acquis: Regulation Directive Framework Directive Decision Recommendation Digital Services Act
Procedures	Ordinary legislative procedure Consultation procedure Consent procedure Commission and Council acting alone Commission acting alone
Principles and terms	Acquis communautaire EUR-Lex Direct applicability Direct effect European labour law European Enforcement Order Gold-plating Four freedoms Home state regulation Indirect effect Incidental effect Minimum harmonisation Maximum harmonisation Preliminary ruling Precautionary principle Principle of legal certainty Recasting Principle of conferral Proportionality Staatenverbund State liability Subsidiarity Supremacy
Regulations	Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/2001 Council Regulation (EC) No. 1348/2000 Customs Regulation 1383/2003 Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 EU-Eco-regulation Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2257/94 Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1170/2011 Customs Regulation 3295/94 Regulation on roaming charges Brussels Regime CLP Regulation Regulation on Community designs Societas Europaea European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 REACH Rome II Regulation Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation
Directives	Good Clinical Practice Directive Data Protection Directive ATEX directive Battery Directive Best available technology Biocidal Products Directive Birds Directive Capital Requirements Directives Clinical Trials Directive Computer Programs Directive Conditional Access Directive Copyright Duration Directive (93/98/EEC) Copyright Term Directive (2006/116/EC) Cosmetics Directive Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC) Dangerous Preparations Directive Data Retention Directive Database Directive Database right Directive 2000/43/EC on Anti-discrimination Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation Information Society Directive (first Copyright directive) Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport Directive on the re-use of public sector information Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources End of Life Vehicles Directive CHP Directive Directive on the energy performance of buildings Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely Environmental liability directive European SEA Directive 2001/42/EC European units of measurement directives Habitats Directive Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Internal Market in Electricity Directive Landfill Directive Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions Directive on the legal protection of designs Markets in Financial Instruments Directive Measuring Instruments Directive Medical Devices Directive Posted Workers Directive Pressure Equipment Directive Rental Directive Resale Rights Directive Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive Satellite and Cable Directive Directive on services in the internal market Temporary and Agency Work Directive Trade Marks Directive European Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Unfair Commercial Practices Directive Universal Service Directive Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive Waste Incineration Directive Waste framework directive Water Framework Directive Working Time Directive
Cases	ECJ Rulings (Caselex): Allonby v Accrington and Rossendale College Apostolides v Orams Bosman Cassis de Dijon Chacón Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA Chen Ciarán Tobin Coleman v Attridge Law Costa v ENEL Factortame Francovich Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v Inspire Art Ltd Kolpak Microsoft Corp. v. Commission Marleasing SA v La Comercial Internacional de Alimentacion SA Metock Nordsee Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland Procureur du Roi v Dassonville Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent und Markenamt Tanja Kreil Van Duyn v Home Office Van Gend en Loos
Fraud	Court of Auditors European Anti-Fraud Office Accountability in the European Union
European Union portal Law portal

v t e European Union Topics
Overview	History of the European Union • Geography of the European Union • Economy of the European Union • Demographics of the European Union • Politics of the European Union • Culture of the European Union • European Commission • European Parliament • European Council
Policies and Initiatives	Common Foreign and Security Policy • Common Security and Defence Policy • European Economic Area • Schengen Area • Eurozone • Single European Sky
Member States	Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden
Institutions	European Central Bank • Court of Justice of the European Union • European Court of Auditors • European External Action Service • European Economic and Social Committee • Committee of the Regions of the European Union
Legislation and Treaties	Treaties of the European Union • Acquis communautaire • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union • General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Related Topics	Brexit • Criticism of the European Union • Enlargement of the European Union • Euroscepticism • Statistics Agency of the European Union (Eurostat)
This European Union related article is a stub.