Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is characterized by the abnormal growth of T-cells or rarely B-cells. It is a rare form of lymphoma, accounting for approximately 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Classification[edit | edit source]

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is classified into two types: ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. The classification is based on the presence or absence of a protein called anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). ALK-positive ALCL is generally more responsive to treatment and has a better prognosis than ALK-negative ALCL.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma can vary widely, but often include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and swelling of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). Some patients may also experience skin lesions or symptoms related to organ involvement.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is typically made through a biopsy of an affected lymph node or other involved tissue. The biopsy is examined under a microscope to look for the characteristic large, abnormal cells. Additional tests, such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and genetic testing, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the subtype of ALCL.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma typically involves chemotherapy, often with a regimen that includes the drugs cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). In some cases, targeted therapies such as crizotinib or brentuximab vedotin may be used, particularly for patients with ALK-positive ALCL.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for anaplastic large-cell lymphoma varies depending on a number of factors, including the subtype of ALCL, the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age and overall health, and the response to treatment.