Ankle-foot orthoses

Ankle-foot orthoses

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are external biomechanical devices used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities of the foot and ankle, or to improve the function of the lower limb. They are commonly prescribed for individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions that affect the lower extremities.

Design and Function

Ankle-foot orthoses are typically made from lightweight materials such as thermoplastics, carbon fiber, or metal. They are custom-fitted to the patient's leg and foot to ensure optimal support and comfort. The primary functions of AFOs include:

• Stabilization: Providing support to the ankle joint to prevent unwanted movement and improve balance.
• Alignment: Correcting or accommodating deformities to improve the alignment of the foot and ankle.
• Mobility: Assisting with walking by controlling the motion of the ankle and foot, often used in conditions like foot drop.
• Protection: Reducing the risk of injury by limiting excessive movement and providing cushioning.

Indications

AFOs are indicated for a variety of conditions, including:

• Cerebral Palsy: To improve gait and prevent contractures.
• Stroke: To assist with foot drop and improve walking ability.
• Multiple Sclerosis: To provide support and improve mobility.
• Spinal Cord Injury: To stabilize the ankle and foot.
• Peripheral Neuropathy: To prevent foot drop and improve gait.

Types of Ankle-foot Orthoses

There are several types of AFOs, each designed to address specific needs:

• Solid AFO: Provides maximum support and is used for severe instability or weakness.
• Hinged AFO: Allows for some ankle movement, used when some flexibility is needed.
• Dynamic AFO: Designed to assist with movement, often used in cases of foot drop.
• Posterior Leaf Spring AFO: A flexible design that assists with dorsiflexion during walking.

Fitting and Adjustment

The fitting of an AFO is a critical process that involves:

• Assessment: Evaluating the patient's condition and specific needs.
• Casting: Creating a mold of the patient's leg and foot for a custom fit.
• Fabrication: Constructing the AFO from the mold using appropriate materials.
• Fitting: Ensuring the AFO fits properly and making necessary adjustments.
• Follow-up: Regular check-ups to adjust the AFO as needed and ensure continued effectiveness.

Also see

• Orthotics
• Foot drop
• Cerebral palsy
• Stroke rehabilitation
• Gait analysis