Artificial joint infection
Artificial Joint Infection Artificial joint infection, also known as prosthetic joint infection (PJI), is a serious complication that can occur after joint replacement surgery. It involves the infection of the joint prosthesis and surrounding tissues by microorganisms. This condition can lead to significant morbidity and often requires complex medical and surgical management.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Artificial joint infections are typically caused by bacteria, although fungi and other microorganisms can also be responsible. The most common bacteria involved include:
- Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci
- Streptococci
- Gram-negative bacilli
Infections can occur through different routes:
- Perioperative contamination: Bacteria introduced during the surgical procedure.
- Hematogenous spread: Bacteria spread from another infection site in the body through the bloodstream.
- Contiguous spread: Infection from adjacent tissues.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of artificial joint infection may include: - Pain in the joint - Swelling and redness around the joint - Fever and chills - Drainage from the surgical site - Reduced range of motion in the joint
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of artificial joint infection involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic methods include:
- Blood tests: Elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
- Joint aspiration: Analysis of synovial fluid for white blood cell count, differential, and culture.
- Imaging: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to assess the joint and surrounding tissues.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of artificial joint infection typically involves a combination of surgical and medical approaches:
- Antibiotic therapy: Tailored based on the specific microorganisms identified.
- Surgical intervention: Options include debridement with retention of the prosthesis, one-stage or two-stage exchange arthroplasty, and in some cases, removal of the prosthesis without replacement.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures are crucial to reduce the risk of artificial joint infections. These include:
- Preoperative screening and optimization: Identifying and managing risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and skin infections.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis: Administering antibiotics before and after surgery to prevent infection.
- Aseptic surgical techniques: Maintaining a sterile environment during surgery.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for patients with artificial joint infection varies depending on several factors, including the timing of diagnosis, the causative organism, and the treatment approach. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical for a favorable outcome.
See Also[edit | edit source]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Artificial joint infection is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
