Chemical burn

Chemical burn refers to the damage and irritation of body tissues caused by exposure to a chemical substance. This can occur through direct contact with the skin or eyes, inhalation, or ingestion of a chemical. The severity of a chemical burn can vary widely depending on the nature of the chemical, the duration of exposure, and the amount of chemical involved.

Causes

Chemical burns are caused by acidic or alkaline substances that come into contact with the body. Common chemicals that can cause burns include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide (lye), lime (calcium oxide), silver nitrate, and phenol. Household cleaners, industrial chemicals, and even some personal care products can contain these substances.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a chemical burn can include:

• Redness and irritation at the site of contact
• Pain or burning sensation
• Blistering or peeling skin
• Coughing or difficulty breathing if fumes are inhaled
• Vision changes if the chemical contacts the eyes

First Aid and Treatment

Immediate first aid is crucial in managing chemical burns and can significantly affect the outcome. Steps include: 1. Removing the Chemical: Quickly remove any clothing or jewelry contaminated by the chemical. If the chemical is dry, brush it off the skin before rinsing. 2. Rinsing the Burn: Rinse the affected area with cool, running water for at least 20 minutes. Avoid using a strong water jet to prevent further injury. 3. Seeking Medical Attention: After initial first aid, seek professional medical treatment, especially for severe burns, burns affecting sensitive areas like the eyes, or if the chemical was ingested.

Treatment by healthcare professionals may involve pain management, wound care, and in some cases, treatments to counteract the chemical's effects.

Prevention

Preventing chemical burns involves proper handling and storage of chemicals, including:

• Using personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and aprons
• Reading and following chemical labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Storing chemicals safely and securely away from children and pets

Complications

Complications from chemical burns can include infections, scarring, and in severe cases, disability or death. Inhalation of chemical fumes can also cause respiratory issues.

See Also

• Burn
• First aid
• Toxicology
• Occupational safety and health