Hidradenoma

Gross pathology of cystic nodular hidradenoma

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Hidradenoma is a benign tumor originating from the sweat glands. These tumors, also known as nodular hidradenoma or clear cell hidradenoma, are most commonly found in the skin and can occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently located on the head, neck, torso, and extremities. Hidradenomas are part of a group of tumors that arise from the eccrine or apocrine sweat glands, with the latter being more commonly associated with this condition.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The presentation of a hidradenoma typically includes a solitary, well-defined nodule that may vary in color from skin-toned to blue or black. These nodules are usually asymptomatic but can become painful or tender, especially if they become infected or undergo rapid growth. The size of the tumors can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

Diagnosis of hidradenoma is primarily based on the clinical examination and histopathological analysis of the biopsy specimen. Histologically, hidradenomas are characterized by solid and cystic areas with cells that have clear cytoplasm and round nuclei, which is indicative of their eccrine or apocrine origin.

Treatment

The standard treatment for hidradenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal of the tumor is recommended to prevent recurrence, which is uncommon but can occur. In cases where the tumor is large or has recurred multiple times, a more extensive surgical procedure may be necessary to ensure complete removal. There is no established role for chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the treatment of hidradenomas, as they are benign tumors.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with hidradenoma is generally excellent, as these tumors are benign and do not metastasize. However, there is a rare potential for malignant transformation into a malignant hidradenoma, also known as hidradenocarcinoma. Regular follow-up with a dermatologist is recommended to monitor for any changes in the tumor or the development of new lesions.

Epidemiology

Hidradenomas are relatively rare, and their exact incidence is not well-documented. They can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in adults. There is no clear gender predilection, although some studies suggest a slight female predominance.

See Also

• Sweat gland
• Benign skin neoplasm
• Dermatology
• Oncology