Esfenvalerate

Comprehensive article on the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide Esfenvalerate

Esfenvalerate

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Esfenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used in agriculture and residential pest control. It is the active isomer of the compound fenvalerate, which is a mixture of four isomers. Esfenvalerate is known for its effectiveness against a wide range of insect pests and is used on crops such as cotton, fruits, and vegetables.

Chemical Properties

Esfenvalerate is a stereoisomer of fenvalerate, specifically the (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate. It is a colorless to yellow-brown liquid with a faint odor. The chemical formula is C₂₅H₂₂ClNO₃, and it has a molecular weight of 419.9 g/mol.

Mode of Action

Esfenvalerate acts on the nervous system of insects by disrupting the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. This disruption leads to prolonged nerve excitation, paralysis, and eventually death of the insect. The compound is effective against a variety of pests, including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera.

Usage and Application

Esfenvalerate is applied as a foliar spray in agricultural settings. It is used to control pests on crops such as cotton, soybeans, and various fruits and vegetables. The compound is also used in residential settings for controlling pests like ants, cockroaches, and spiders.

Environmental Impact

Esfenvalerate is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly fish and invertebrates. It is important to follow label instructions and avoid contamination of water bodies during application. The compound is relatively stable in the environment, with a half-life in soil ranging from 15 to 60 days, depending on conditions.

Safety and Toxicology

Esfenvalerate is classified as a moderately hazardous pesticide by the World Health Organization (WHO). It can cause skin and eye irritation in humans and may have neurotoxic effects if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended during handling and application.

Regulation

Esfenvalerate is registered for use in many countries, including the United States, where it is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA sets maximum residue limits (MRLs) for esfenvalerate on food products to ensure consumer safety.

Also see

• Pyrethroid
• Insecticide
• Pesticide regulation
• Fenvalerate