Extracranial germ cell tumor

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Extracranial germ cell tumor
Micrograph of a mixed germ cell tumor
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, swelling, constipation, urinary retention
Complications	Metastasis, infertility
Onset	Typically in children and young adults
Duration	Variable
Types	Teratoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Genetic syndromes, cryptorchidism
Diagnosis	Imaging studies, biopsy, tumor markers
Differential diagnosis	Lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Medication	Cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Extracranial germ cell tumor is a type of tumor that forms from developing sperm or egg cells that travel from the gonads to other parts of the body. Most extracranial germ cell tumors form in the testis or ovary. Extracranial germ cell tumors can also form in the mediastinum, the retroperitoneum, and the pineal gland in the brain. These tumors can be benign or malignant.

Types of Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Extracranial germ cell tumors are divided into two types: seminoma and nonseminoma. Seminomas grow and spread slowly and respond to radiation therapy. Nonseminomas grow and spread more quickly than seminomas. There are several types of nonseminomas, including embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.

Symptoms

Symptoms of extracranial germ cell tumors depend on where the tumor is located. Some common symptoms include lumps in the testicles or ovaries, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and back pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of extracranial germ cell tumors often involves a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests to check for high levels of certain substances that may indicate the presence of a germ cell tumor. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for extracranial germ cell tumors depends on the type and stage of the tumor, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for extracranial germ cell tumors varies depending on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. However, with early detection and treatment, many patients can achieve a good prognosis.

See Also

• Testicular cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Germ cell tumor
• Cancer