Facilitated communication

Facilitated communication device

Facilitated communication (FC) is a controversial technique used to assist individuals with severe communication disabilities. The method involves a facilitator who supports the hand or arm of the individual while they type on a keyboard or point to letters on a communication board. Proponents claim that FC allows individuals with autism and other communication disorders to express themselves, while critics argue that the facilitator may unconsciously influence the messages being produced.

History

Facilitated communication was first developed in the 1970s by Rosemary Crossley in Australia. It gained popularity in the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s, largely due to the work of Douglas Biklen, a professor at Syracuse University. Biklen and others believed that FC could unlock the potential of individuals with severe communication impairments, particularly those with autism.

Methodology

In facilitated communication, the facilitator provides physical support to the communicator, typically by holding their hand, wrist, or arm. The facilitator may also provide verbal encouragement and emotional support. The goal is to help the individual focus and overcome motor difficulties that may impede their ability to communicate independently.

Criticism and Controversy

Anne McDonald Centre

Facilitated communication has been the subject of significant controversy. Critics argue that the technique lacks scientific validity and that messages produced through FC are often influenced by the facilitator rather than the individual. Numerous studies have demonstrated that facilitators can unknowingly guide the communication, leading to false or misleading messages.

In some cases, facilitated communication has led to serious consequences, such as false allegations of abuse. As a result, many professional organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, have issued statements against the use of FC.

Current Use and Alternatives

Despite the controversy, some practitioners and families continue to use facilitated communication, believing it to be beneficial for certain individuals. However, there is a growing emphasis on evidence-based practices and alternative communication methods, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, which do not rely on a facilitator.

Related Pages

• Augmentative and alternative communication
• Autism
• Communication disorder
• Douglas Biklen