High-output heart failure

High-output heart failure is a type of heart failure where the heart is functioning normally but cannot meet the body's increased demand for blood flow. This condition is less common than low-output heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs even at rest.

Causes

High-output heart failure can be caused by several conditions that increase the body's demand for blood flow. These include anemia, thyrotoxicosis, beriberi, sepsis, obesity, pregnancy, and arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous malformation. In these conditions, the heart has to work harder to pump more blood, which can eventually lead to heart failure.

Symptoms

The symptoms of high-output heart failure are similar to those of other types of heart failure. They include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, and rapid heart rate. However, these symptoms may be more pronounced during physical activity or stress, when the body's demand for blood flow is higher.

Diagnosis

High-output heart failure is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Additional tests may include blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization. These tests can help determine the cause of the heart failure and guide treatment.

Treatment

The treatment of high-output heart failure focuses on managing the underlying condition that is causing the increased demand for blood flow. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery. In some cases, treatment may also include measures to support the heart's function, such as diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, beta blockers to slow the heart rate, or ACE inhibitors to relax the blood vessels.

Prognosis

The prognosis for high-output heart failure depends on the underlying cause and the patient's overall health. With appropriate treatment, many people with this condition can lead a normal life. However, it is important to manage any underlying conditions and to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle to prevent further heart damage.