Hypernatremia

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Hypernatremia
Na-TableImage.svg
Synonyms Hypernatraemia
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, seizures, coma
Complications Cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage
Onset Sudden or gradual
Duration Varies
Types N/A
Causes Dehydration, diabetes insipidus, excessive salt intake, osmotic diuresis
Risks Elderly, infants, hospitalized patients
Diagnosis Blood test showing elevated serum sodium
Differential diagnosis Hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus, renal failure
Prevention Adequate hydration, monitoring of sodium levels
Treatment Intravenous fluids, oral rehydration, dialysis
Medication N/A
Prognosis Depends on underlying cause and promptness of treatment
Frequency Common in hospitalized patients
Deaths N/A


Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L. It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW) relative to electrolyte content. Hypernatremia can be caused by various conditions and can lead to a wide range of symptoms from lethargy and irritability to seizures and coma.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They can include:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of hypernatremia is typically made through a blood test that measures the level of sodium in the blood. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment of hypernatremia typically involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, as well as measures to lower the sodium level in the blood. This can include:

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD