Hypernatremia
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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hypernatremia | |
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Synonyms | Hypernatraemia |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, seizures, coma |
Complications | Cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage |
Onset | Sudden or gradual |
Duration | Varies |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Dehydration, diabetes insipidus, excessive salt intake, osmotic diuresis |
Risks | Elderly, infants, hospitalized patients |
Diagnosis | Blood test showing elevated serum sodium |
Differential diagnosis | Hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus, renal failure |
Prevention | Adequate hydration, monitoring of sodium levels |
Treatment | Intravenous fluids, oral rehydration, dialysis |
Medication | N/A |
Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause and promptness of treatment |
Frequency | Common in hospitalized patients |
Deaths | N/A |
Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L. It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW) relative to electrolyte content. Hypernatremia can be caused by various conditions and can lead to a wide range of symptoms from lethargy and irritability to seizures and coma.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Dehydration
- Diabetes insipidus
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Cushing's syndrome
- Kidney disease
- Hypertonic saline
- Medications such as diuretics, steroids, and some antibiotics
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They can include:
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of hypernatremia is typically made through a blood test that measures the level of sodium in the blood. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause of the condition.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of hypernatremia typically involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, as well as measures to lower the sodium level in the blood. This can include:
- Intravenous fluids
- Medications to manage symptoms and treat underlying conditions
- Dietary changes to reduce sodium intake
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD