Hypocalcaemia

Hypocalcaemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood. It is most commonly due to a deficiency in parathyroid hormone (PTH), a hormone that regulates calcium balance in the body.

Causes

Hypocalcaemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Hypoparathyroidism: This is the most common cause of hypocalcaemia. It occurs when the parathyroid glands do not produce enough PTH.
• Vitamin D deficiency: Vitamin D is necessary for the body to absorb calcium from the diet. Without enough vitamin D, the body cannot maintain adequate calcium levels.
• Certain medications: Some drugs, such as certain diuretics and medications used to treat epilepsy, can lower calcium levels.
• Kidney disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance. Kidney disease can disrupt this balance, leading to hypocalcaemia.
• Pancreatitis: This condition can cause hypocalcaemia by leading to fat necrosis, which binds calcium and lowers its levels in the blood.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypocalcaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:

• Tingling or numbness in the fingers, toes, and lips
• Muscle cramps
• Fatigue
• Depression
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Cardiac arrhythmias

Diagnosis

Hypocalcaemia is typically diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for hypocalcaemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may include:

• Calcium supplements: These can help to increase the level of calcium in the blood.
• Vitamin D supplements: These can help the body to absorb more calcium from the diet.
• Parathyroid hormone therapy: This can be used in cases where hypocalcaemia is caused by hypoparathyroidism.

See also

• Hypercalcaemia
• Calcium metabolism
• Parathyroid hormone

Hypocalcaemia Resources
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