In vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. During IVF, mature eggs are collected (retrieved) from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. Then the fertilized egg (embryo) or eggs (embryos) are transferred to a uterus. One full cycle of IVF takes about three weeks. Sometimes these steps are split into different parts and the process can take longer.

Procedure

IVF involves several steps — ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, sperm retrieval, fertilization and embryo transfer. One cycle of IVF can take about two to three weeks, and more than one cycle may be required.

Ovarian stimulation

Your doctor prescribes a course of drugs for you to take to stimulate your ovaries to produce one or more eggs. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs won't develop or fertilize after retrieval.

Egg retrieval

Egg retrieval is a minor surgical procedure that's done at your doctor's office or at a clinic. You'll be given pain medication.

Sperm retrieval

If you're using your partner's sperm, he'll provide a semen sample at your doctor's office or a clinic through masturbation the morning of egg retrieval. Other methods, such as testicular aspiration — the use of a needle or surgical procedure to extract sperm directly from the testicle — are sometimes required. Donor sperm also can be used.

Fertilization

The next step in the IVF process is fertilization. Your doctor places the sperm and eggs in a dish and monitors them to ensure that a healthy embryo develops.

Embryo transfer

The final step in the IVF process is the embryo transfer. Your doctor places a catheter into your uterus to transfer the embryos.

Risks

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks. These include multiple births, premature delivery, low birth weight, and the risk of miscarriage.

Success Rates

Success rates for IVF depend on a number of factors, including the reason for infertility, where you're having the procedure done, and your age. The CDC compiles national statistics for all assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures performed in the U.S., including IVF.

In vitro fertilization Resources
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