Kala-azar

Kala-azar (also known as Visceral leishmaniasis, Dumdum fever, or Black fever) is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite. The disease is transmitted through the bite of a sandfly and is characterized by fever, weight loss, anemia, and enlargement of the spleen and liver.

Epidemiology

Kala-azar is endemic in over 70 countries worldwide, with the highest incidence occurring in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil. The disease primarily affects the poorest and most vulnerable populations, with children being the most susceptible.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Kala-azar typically appear 2-8 months after infection and include prolonged fever, weight loss, anemia, and enlargement of the spleen and liver. If left untreated, the disease can be fatal.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Kala-azar is typically made through a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, including blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and serological tests.

Treatment

Treatment for Kala-azar typically involves a 28-day course of antimonial drugs, although resistance to these drugs is becoming increasingly common. Other treatment options include amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin.

Prevention

Prevention of Kala-azar primarily involves controlling the sandfly population and protecting individuals from sandfly bites. This can be achieved through the use of insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and environmental management.

See also

• Leishmaniasis
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Kala-azar Resources
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