Knee dislocation

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Knee dislocation
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Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Pain, swelling, instability of the knee
Complications Vascular injury, nerve injury, compartment syndrome
Onset Sudden, often due to trauma
Duration Varies, depending on severity and treatment
Types N/A
Causes High-energy trauma, sports injuries, falls
Risks Obesity, previous knee injuries
Diagnosis Physical examination, X-ray, MRI
Differential diagnosis Knee sprain, knee fracture, patellar dislocation
Prevention Protective gear, strength training
Treatment Reduction (orthopedic), surgery, physical therapy
Medication N/A
Prognosis Varies, potential for chronic pain and arthritis
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


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A knee dislocation is a severe injury that occurs when the bones that form the knee joint are out of place. This condition is different from a patellar dislocation, which involves the displacement of the kneecap. Knee dislocations are often the result of high-energy trauma, such as car accidents or sports injuries.

Anatomy of the Knee[edit | edit source]

The knee joint is composed of three bones: the femur (thigh bone), the tibia (shin bone), and the patella (kneecap). These bones are connected by a complex network of ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL). The knee also contains cartilage and menisci that cushion the joint and facilitate smooth movement.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Knee dislocations are typically caused by high-impact trauma. Common causes include:

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of a knee dislocation may include:

  • Severe pain
  • Visible deformity of the knee
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Inability to move the knee
  • Numbness or tingling if nerves are affected

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of a knee dislocation is usually made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. X-rays and MRI scans are commonly used to assess the extent of the injury and to check for associated damage to ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for a knee dislocation often involves:

  • Immediate reduction (realignment) of the dislocated knee
  • Immobilization with a splint or brace
  • Surgery to repair damaged ligaments, blood vessels, or nerves
  • Physical therapy to restore function and strength

Complications[edit | edit source]

Complications from knee dislocations can be severe and may include:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for a knee dislocation depends on the severity of the injury and the promptness of treatment. Early and appropriate management can lead to good functional outcomes, although some patients may experience long-term complications.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD