Lithiasis

Lithiasis is a pathological condition that is characterized by the formation of stones, also known as calculi, in the body. These stones can form in various parts of the body, most commonly in the gallbladder, kidneys, and urinary tract. The term "lithiasis" is derived from the Greek word "lithos", which means stone.

Types of Lithiasis

There are several types of lithiasis, each named for the part of the body where the stones form:

• Nephrolithiasis: This is the medical term for kidney stones. These stones form when substances in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus, become highly concentrated.

• Cholelithiasis: This refers to the formation of gallstones. These stones form when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin, harden into stones.

• Urolithiasis: This is the medical term for stones that form in the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lithiasis can vary depending on the location and size of the stone. Some common symptoms include:

• Severe pain in the back or side
• Blood in the urine
• Frequent urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills

Diagnosis

Lithiasis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include:

• Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create pictures of the inside of the body. It can be used to detect stones in the kidneys, gallbladder, or urinary tract.

• Computed tomography (CT) scan: This imaging test uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the body. It can be used to detect stones and to determine their size and location.

Treatment

The treatment for lithiasis depends on the size and location of the stone, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Medication: Certain medications can help to dissolve stones or prevent them from forming.

• Lithotripsy: This is a non-invasive procedure that uses sound waves to break up stones so they can be passed in the urine.

• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the stone.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for lithiasis may include drinking plenty of fluids, maintaining a healthy diet, and taking certain medications.

Lithiasis Resources
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