Nauseant

Nauseant is a term used in medicine to describe a substance that induces nausea and vomiting. These substances are often used in medical settings to provoke vomiting for therapeutic purposes, such as in cases of poisoning or drug overdose.

Mechanism of Action

Nauseants work by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain, which then activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. This leads to the physical act of vomiting. The CTZ is sensitive to various chemical stimuli, including drugs and toxins, which makes it an effective target for nauseants.

Types of Nauseants

There are several types of nauseants, including:

• Emetics: Substances specifically designed to induce vomiting.
• Ipecac: A well-known emetic derived from the root of the ipecacuanha plant.
• Apomorphine: A synthetic emetic used in emergency situations.

Medical Uses

Nauseants are primarily used in the following scenarios:

• Poisoning: To expel ingested toxins from the stomach.
• Drug overdose: To remove excess drugs from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Diagnostic procedures: Occasionally used to induce vomiting for diagnostic purposes.

Side Effects

The use of nauseants can lead to several side effects, including:

• Dehydration: Due to excessive vomiting.
• Electrolyte imbalance: Loss of essential minerals and salts.
• Aspiration pneumonia: Inhalation of vomit into the lungs.

Precautions

Nauseants should be used with caution and under medical supervision. They are not recommended for use in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as:

• Esophageal varices
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pregnancy

Related Pages

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Emetics
• Ipecac
• Apomorphine
• Chemoreceptor trigger zone
• Medulla oblongata
• Poisoning
• Drug overdose