Non-small cell lung carcinoma

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a type of lung cancer that is characterized by its non-small cells. It is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC is further divided into three main subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Epidemiology

NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. It is more common in men than in women, and the risk of developing NSCLC increases with age. The highest incidence of NSCLC is found in North America, Europe, and East Asia.

Causes

The primary cause of NSCLC is smoking, with approximately 85% of cases being attributed to tobacco use. Other risk factors include exposure to asbestos, radon, and certain other chemicals, as well as a family history of lung cancer.

Symptoms

The symptoms of NSCLC can vary widely and may include a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss. In some cases, NSCLC may be discovered incidentally during a routine chest X-ray or CT scan.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of NSCLC typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer and to guide treatment decisions.

Treatment

The treatment of NSCLC depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and the specific subtype of NSCLC. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Prognosis

The prognosis for NSCLC varies widely depending on the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early-stage NSCLC has a relatively good prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. However, the prognosis for advanced-stage NSCLC is generally poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%.

See also

• Lung cancer
• Small cell lung carcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Large cell carcinoma

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